Iran explores northern trade routes amid disruption in the south
Caspian Sea water levels have fallen by about 2 metres since the 1990s.
Iran is seeking to redirect oil exports and essential imports toward the Caspian Sea and land borders as disruption affects its southern ports. The northern route faces limited port capacity, falling water levels, congestion and dependence on Russia.
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Iran’s southern ports are subject to a United States naval blockade.
“With Iran’s southern ports subject to a United States naval blockade”
Iran is shifting trade toward the Caspian Sea and its land borders.
“the US naval embargo and air strikes on infrastructure are forcing Tehran to shift trade to the Caspian Sea and its land borders”
- 2metres
Caspian Sea water levels have fallen by about 2 metres since the 1990s.
“Caspian water levels had dropped by about 2 metres (6.6ft) since the 1990s”